Ancient philosophy
6th BC – 5th AD. Pre-Socratics, Socrates, Plato (Ideas), Aristotle (logic, ethics, metaphysics), Epicurus, Stoics.
Loading page
Resource 1 of 2
Lesson overview
This lesson brings together the PDF, study notes and chapter flow so you can revise Stages of Philosophy without losing the thread.
Ancient philosophy
6th BC – 5th AD. Pre-Socratics, Socrates, Plato (Ideas), Aristotle (logic, ethics, metaphysics), Epicurus, Stoics.
Modern philosophy
16th–18th century. Descartes (cogito), Spinoza, Locke (empiricism), Kant (critique of pure reason), Rousseau (social contract).
Contemporary philosophy
19th–20th century. Hegel (dialectics), Marx, Nietzsche, Sartre (existentialism), Foucault.
Problematisation
Turn a topic into an explicit philosophical question: concepts, tension, stakes.
Conceptualization
Define key notions precisely (reason, truth, freedom, value) and distinguish meanings.
Argumentation
Support a thesis with arguments, examples, objections, and critical synthesis.