Pure substance
Substance made of one chemical species. E.g.: distilled water (H₂O), pure gold.
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Lesson overview
This lesson brings together the PDF, study notes and chapter flow so you can revise Chemical Species without losing the thread.
Pure substance
Substance made of one chemical species. E.g.: distilled water (H₂O), pure gold.
Mixture
Association of several chemical species. Homogeneous (one phase) or heterogeneous (multiple phases).
Chemical species
Set of identical entities (molecules, ions or atoms). Characterized by physical properties (boiling/melting point, density).
Boiling point (Te)
Temperature at which a liquid turns to vapor at normal pressure (1 atm). Constant for a pure substance.
Melting point (Tf)
Temperature at which a solid turns to liquid. Constant for a pure substance.
Density and mass density
Mass density ρ = m/V (kg/m³). Density = ρ/ρwater.
Experiment 1 - Chemical Species
Lab protocol.
Experiment 2 - Chemical Species
Lab protocol.
Experiment 3 - Chemical Species
Lab protocol.
Experiment 4 - Chemical Species
Lab protocol.
Experiment 5 - Chemical Species
Lab protocol.
Key Point 1
Summary 1.
Key Point 2
Summary 2.
Key Point 3
Summary 3.
Key Point 4
Summary 4.
Key Point 5
Summary 5.
Key Point 6
Summary 6.
Key Point 7
Summary 7.
Formula 1
Physical law 1.
Formula 2
Physical law 2.
Formula 3
Physical law 3.
Formula 4
Physical law 4.
Formula 5
Physical law 5.
Formula 6
Physical law 6.
Formula 7
Physical law 7.
Scientific method
Read data, identify the system, choose the model, write relations with SI units, then check the order of magnitude.
Exam focus
Precise definitions, labelled diagrams, unit conversions, document analysis, and justified numerical results.