VSEPR principle
Bonding and lone pairs around the central atom repel each other maximally. Notation: AXₙEₘ.
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Lesson overview
This lesson brings together the PDF, study notes and chapter flow so you can revise Molecular Geometry without losing the thread.
VSEPR principle
Bonding and lone pairs around the central atom repel each other maximally. Notation: AXₙEₘ.
AX₂: linear (180°)
2 bonds, 0 lone pairs. E.g.: CO₂.
AX₃: trigonal planar (120°)
3 bonds, 0 lone pairs. E.g.: BF₃.
AX₄: tetrahedral (109.5°)
4 bonds, 0 lone pairs. E.g.: CH₄.
AX₃E₁: pyramidal (107°)
3 bonds + 1 lone pair. E.g.: NH₃.
AX₂E₂: bent (104.5°)
2 bonds + 2 lone pairs. E.g.: H₂O.
Experiment 1 - Geometry of Molecules
Lab protocol.
Experiment 2 - Geometry of Molecules
Lab protocol.
Experiment 3 - Geometry of Molecules
Lab protocol.
Experiment 4 - Geometry of Molecules
Lab protocol.
Experiment 5 - Geometry of Molecules
Lab protocol.
Key Point 1
Summary 1.
Key Point 2
Summary 2.
Key Point 3
Summary 3.
Key Point 4
Summary 4.
Key Point 5
Summary 5.
Key Point 6
Summary 6.
Key Point 7
Summary 7.
Formula 1
Physical law 1.
Formula 2
Physical law 2.
Formula 3
Physical law 3.
Formula 4
Physical law 4.
Formula 5
Physical law 5.
Formula 6
Physical law 6.
Formula 7
Physical law 7.
Scientific method
Read data, identify the system, choose the model, write relations with SI units, then check the order of magnitude.
Exam focus
Precise definitions, labelled diagrams, unit conversions, document analysis, and justified numerical results.