Newton's law
Two bodies attract each other with force F = G·m₁·m₂ / d².
Loading page
Resource 1 of 2
Lesson overview
This lesson brings together the PDF, study notes and chapter flow so you can revise Universal Gravitation without losing the thread.
Newton's law
Two bodies attract each other with force F = G·m₁·m₂ / d².
Gravitational constant G
G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg².
Gravitational field g
g = G·M / R² at the surface of a body of mass M, radius R. On Earth: g ≈ 9.8 m/s².
Weight vs Mass
Weight P = m·g (Newton). Mass m (kg) is invariant, weight varies by planet.
Experiment 1 - Universal Gravitation
Lab protocol.
Experiment 2 - Universal Gravitation
Lab protocol.
Experiment 3 - Universal Gravitation
Lab protocol.
Experiment 4 - Universal Gravitation
Lab protocol.
Experiment 5 - Universal Gravitation
Lab protocol.
Application 1 - Universal Gravitation
Industrial example.
Application 2 - Universal Gravitation
Industrial example.
Application 3 - Universal Gravitation
Industrial example.
Application 4 - Universal Gravitation
Industrial example.
Application 5 - Universal Gravitation
Industrial example.
Key Point 1
Summary 1.
Key Point 2
Summary 2.
Key Point 3
Summary 3.
Key Point 4
Summary 4.
Key Point 5
Summary 5.
Key Point 6
Summary 6.
Key Point 7
Summary 7.
Formula 1
Physical law 1.
Formula 2
Physical law 2.
Formula 3
Physical law 3.
Formula 4
Physical law 4.
Formula 5
Physical law 5.
Formula 6
Physical law 6.
Formula 7
Physical law 7.
Solution 1 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 2 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 3 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 4 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 5 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 6 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 7 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 8 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 9 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Solution 10 - Universal Gravitation
Explanation.
Scientific method
Read data, identify the system, choose the model, write relations with SI units, then check the order of magnitude.
Exam focus
Precise definitions, labelled diagrams, unit conversions, document analysis, and justified numerical results.
Forces and motion
Always state the reference frame, system, applied forces, and vector directions before calculating.
Units
Force in newtons (N), mass in kg, distance in m, speed in m/s.